While there are potential benefits from getting more flex fuel vehicles out on the road, those benefits are not worth an increase in our oil dependence. Some current legislative and automaker proposals would seek to get more of these vehicles on the road, but they could increase our oil dependence by as much oil as we currently import from Iraq. A simple solution that gives consumers vehicles with the capability to use alternative fuels without increasing our oil addiction is the best approach—reasonable flex fuel vehicle requirements along side phasing out the dual fuel loophole.
Pitfall: Expansion of Dual Fuel Loophole The dual-fuel loophole allows manufacturers to earn credits towards meeting federal fuel economy standards by producing vehicles that are able to run on both petroleum and an alternative fuel, even if they never actually use the alternative fuel. As a result, automakers can sell fleets of vehicles that fall short of federal fuel economy targets. In 2004, this loophole was already increasing U.S. oil dependence by 80,000 barrels per day.
Recently, several proposals have been circulating that have the potential to significantly increase the amount of oil we are wasting as a result of the dual-fuel loophole. The most harmful changes would be ones that increase the “cap” on the credit above its current level of 1.2 mpg or extend the credit beyond its scheduled expiration in 2014. When compared to closing the loophole, raising the cap to two mpg and extending it through 2020 would increase oil dependence by as much as 500,000 barrels per day in that year alone. This is equivalent to our current imports from Iraq.
Promise: Consumer Options without the Oil DrainThe best way to get more flex fuel vehicles on the road is to ask all automakers to do their part through a flex fuel vehicle requirement which phases out the oil draining dual fuel loophole. The technology cost for an E85 flex fuel vehicle is only $50 to $100 per vehicle, depending on the approach used. This would allow automakers to ensure that the fuel tank, emissions equipment, fuel injectors, sensor, and other materials are in place as needed to ensure a vehicle can work reliably on E85.
On the other hand, a requirement on automakers to produce dual fuel vehicles that preserves or extends the current credit would prove harmful. Such a program would dramatically increase the number of credits being earned, since many manufacturers are not currently earning any dual fuel credits, and would be a disincentive for automakers to use technology to achieve real fuel economy improvements. Once a manufacturer is earning the credits, and is spending money to do so, it would not necessarily have any reason to deliver actual increases in fuel economy.
taken from
http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_vehicles/cars_pickups_suvs/flex-fuel-vehicles.html
Sabtu, 01 Maret 2008
The Technology and Potential of Hybrid Vehicles
The world started down a new road in 1997 when the first modern hybrid electric car, the Toyota Prius, was sold in Japan. Two years later, the United States saw its first sale of a hybrid, the Honda Insight. These two vehicles, followed by the Honda Civic Hybrid, marked a radical change in the type of car being offered to the public: vehicles that bring some of the benefits of battery electric vehicles into the conventional gasoline powered cars and trucks we have been using for more than 100 years.
The UCS Hybrid Center: The most comprehensive independent resource on the web for hybrid-electric vehicles.
In the coming years, hybrids can play a significant role in addressing several of the major problems faced by the United States and the world today: climate change, air pollution, and oil dependence. Whether this new technology delivers on its promise hinges on the choices automakers, consumers, and policymakers make over the coming years. Poor choices could result in hybrids that fall short even of what conventional technology could deliver on fuel economy, emissions, or both.
This report provides consumers and policy-makers with the tools they will need to sort out the many technological, financial, and environmental differences among the hybrids that will be brought to market in the coming years. Using new research into the cost and performance of hybrid technology, this report provides a comprehensive assessment of the technology, the fuel economy, and the costs associated with a fleet of passenger cars and trucks that rely on hybrid technology to more than double the fuel economy commonly available today. If they are designed well, these hybrids can equal or better the utility, comfort, performance, and safety we've come to expect, while saving us thousands of dollars at the gas pump.
taken from
http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_vehicles/cars_pickups_suvs/the-technology-and-potential-of-hybrid-vehicles.html
The UCS Hybrid Center: The most comprehensive independent resource on the web for hybrid-electric vehicles.
In the coming years, hybrids can play a significant role in addressing several of the major problems faced by the United States and the world today: climate change, air pollution, and oil dependence. Whether this new technology delivers on its promise hinges on the choices automakers, consumers, and policymakers make over the coming years. Poor choices could result in hybrids that fall short even of what conventional technology could deliver on fuel economy, emissions, or both.
This report provides consumers and policy-makers with the tools they will need to sort out the many technological, financial, and environmental differences among the hybrids that will be brought to market in the coming years. Using new research into the cost and performance of hybrid technology, this report provides a comprehensive assessment of the technology, the fuel economy, and the costs associated with a fleet of passenger cars and trucks that rely on hybrid technology to more than double the fuel economy commonly available today. If they are designed well, these hybrids can equal or better the utility, comfort, performance, and safety we've come to expect, while saving us thousands of dollars at the gas pump.
taken from
http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_vehicles/cars_pickups_suvs/the-technology-and-potential-of-hybrid-vehicles.html
HYBRID TECHNOLOGIES INC. (OTCBB: HYBR) ANNOUNCES PRICE REDUCTIONS FOR ALL 2008 ELECTRIC VEHICLES DUE TO 30% CUT IN COST OF LITHIUM BATTERIES
Mooresville, NC - February 11, 2008 - Hybrid Technologies, Inc. (NASD OTCBB: HYBR - News) www.hybridtechnologies.com, emerging leaders in the development and marketing of lithium-powered products worldwide, is pleased to announce substantial price reductions on the Smart Car, Mini Cooper, PT Cruiser and their all new Y-120.
In contrast to the continual increase in gas prices, the reduction in lithium battery costs allow Hybrid to pass savings along to their customers.
New, reduced prices for Hybrid Technologies’ 2008 models include the Mini Cooper at $57,500 for a $7,500 savings, the Smart Car at $43,500 for a $1,500 savings, the PT Cruiser at $55,000 for a savings of $10,000. Hybrid’s new Y-120 will have an introductory price of $39,500.
Y-120 CITY CAR:The practical and affordable daily use City Car is now the most advanced solution for consumers wanting to get into emission free vehicles at an affordable price
taken from
http://www.hybridtechnologies.com/20080211
In contrast to the continual increase in gas prices, the reduction in lithium battery costs allow Hybrid to pass savings along to their customers.
New, reduced prices for Hybrid Technologies’ 2008 models include the Mini Cooper at $57,500 for a $7,500 savings, the Smart Car at $43,500 for a $1,500 savings, the PT Cruiser at $55,000 for a savings of $10,000. Hybrid’s new Y-120 will have an introductory price of $39,500.
Y-120 CITY CAR:The practical and affordable daily use City Car is now the most advanced solution for consumers wanting to get into emission free vehicles at an affordable price
taken from
http://www.hybridtechnologies.com/20080211
WiMAX Standards and Interoperability
The mobile WiMAX standard, IEEE* 802.16e, is a single, worldwide standard that will cover fixed, portable and mobile deployments. Designed to facilitate economies of scale, lower network implementation costs, provide interoperability, while enabling device compatibility, WiMAX is the next open standards-based step in our wireless evolution.
Increasing global leadership and collaboration
Formed to promote and certify compatibility and interoperability of broadband wireless products, the WiMAX Forum* was established in June, 2001 as an industry-led, not-for-profit corporation. The Forum has over 500 members in almost 60 countries. The diverse membership includes many of the world's largest mobile and fixed-line operators as well as leading telecom manufacturers, in collaboration with component suppliers, research labs, test equipment vendors, and certification labs. This vibrant ecosystem is driving innovation to help bring costs down quickly.
To support the hundreds of 802.16e-compliant products expected to be submitted in 2008, the forum has five certification labs operating in China, Korea, Spain, Taiwan and U.S. with plans for additional labs in Brazil, India, Japan, and a second one in Taiwan.
Industry collaboration
With more than 250 802.16e-based commercial trials and deployments globally—from developing to mature markets—providers are building the business relationships and framework that will eventually permit seamless global roaming and the possibility of practically any data-intensive application delivered
taken from
http://www.intel.com/technology/wimax/standards.htm?iid=tech_wimax_products+body_standards
Increasing global leadership and collaboration
Formed to promote and certify compatibility and interoperability of broadband wireless products, the WiMAX Forum* was established in June, 2001 as an industry-led, not-for-profit corporation. The Forum has over 500 members in almost 60 countries. The diverse membership includes many of the world's largest mobile and fixed-line operators as well as leading telecom manufacturers, in collaboration with component suppliers, research labs, test equipment vendors, and certification labs. This vibrant ecosystem is driving innovation to help bring costs down quickly.
To support the hundreds of 802.16e-compliant products expected to be submitted in 2008, the forum has five certification labs operating in China, Korea, Spain, Taiwan and U.S. with plans for additional labs in Brazil, India, Japan, and a second one in Taiwan.
Industry collaboration
With more than 250 802.16e-based commercial trials and deployments globally—from developing to mature markets—providers are building the business relationships and framework that will eventually permit seamless global roaming and the possibility of practically any data-intensive application delivered
taken from
http://www.intel.com/technology/wimax/standards.htm?iid=tech_wimax_products+body_standards
Intel® WiMAX Products
Driving broad deployment of WiMAX technology
Intel is laying the foundation for broad and cost-effective deployment of WiMAX technologies that will deliver unprecedented mobility for Internet-connected devices and the people who use them.¹
Better solutions through Wi-Fi/WiMAX integration
Wi-Fi hotspots have become popular around the world, but lack the coverage to deliver full mobile connectivity for users on the go. WiMAX can deliver a wide area broadband Internet to fill-in the gaps between hotspots and offers last-mile connectivity to hotspots in homes and businesses within the broadband provider's service area. By integrating Wi-Fi and WiMAX into an affordable combo module (code named Echo Peak), Intel will deliver a solution that will support new broadband Internet experiences, while greatly reducing the cost of implementation for notebooks OEMs and the cost of customer acquisition for mobile operators.
Laptop and other device manufacturers will be able to incorporate wide area connectivity (WAN) solutions at less cost and with simpler, more compact designs.
Silicon integration will take advantage of WiMAX and Wi-Fi technology similarities to deliver both technologies on a single, embedded Mini Card module—freeing up PCI slots for other uses.
Shared antennas further reduce costs, ease design-in, and enable a platform approach to noise mitigation.
Coordinated power management enables longer battery life.
Streamlined module-based certification saves testing time, costs, and can reduce time to market for notebooks and other devices.
End users will have an integrated solution that simplifies connectivity on the go, and frees them from the potential challenges of using independent devices for short- and long-range connectivity.
taken from
http://www.intel.com/technology/wimax/products.htm?iid=tech_wimax+body_products
Intel is laying the foundation for broad and cost-effective deployment of WiMAX technologies that will deliver unprecedented mobility for Internet-connected devices and the people who use them.¹
Better solutions through Wi-Fi/WiMAX integration
Wi-Fi hotspots have become popular around the world, but lack the coverage to deliver full mobile connectivity for users on the go. WiMAX can deliver a wide area broadband Internet to fill-in the gaps between hotspots and offers last-mile connectivity to hotspots in homes and businesses within the broadband provider's service area. By integrating Wi-Fi and WiMAX into an affordable combo module (code named Echo Peak), Intel will deliver a solution that will support new broadband Internet experiences, while greatly reducing the cost of implementation for notebooks OEMs and the cost of customer acquisition for mobile operators.
Laptop and other device manufacturers will be able to incorporate wide area connectivity (WAN) solutions at less cost and with simpler, more compact designs.
Silicon integration will take advantage of WiMAX and Wi-Fi technology similarities to deliver both technologies on a single, embedded Mini Card module—freeing up PCI slots for other uses.
Shared antennas further reduce costs, ease design-in, and enable a platform approach to noise mitigation.
Coordinated power management enables longer battery life.
Streamlined module-based certification saves testing time, costs, and can reduce time to market for notebooks and other devices.
End users will have an integrated solution that simplifies connectivity on the go, and frees them from the potential challenges of using independent devices for short- and long-range connectivity.
taken from
http://www.intel.com/technology/wimax/products.htm?iid=tech_wimax+body_products
Intel® WiMAX Technology
Intel® WiMAX will deliver extended broadband Internet beyond Wi-Fi. With wireless high-speed broadband connectivity for your PC, WiMAX-enabled laptops and mobile devices will provide you the freedom to connect to the Internet just as you do with your cell phone service. With speeds similar to DSL or cable and faster than using your cell phone service to connect, WiMAX will allow you to access all the data-intensive applications you love, including streaming media on the Internet, live video conferencing, mobile TV and more while on the move.
Driving standards and global networks for WiMAX
Laying the foundation for broad, cost-effective deployments, Intel is working to easily integrate Intel WiMAX technology into complex designs and global networks, providing a standards-based foundation for ongoing product innovation.
Building the mobile Internet with WiMAX
Evolving WiMAX standards and interoperability
WiMAX: Connect in more places, more often
Built for the future, Intel WiMAX technology will allow you to connect in more places, more often, without being restricted to hotspots. When built into laptops and mobile devices, you'll be able to extend your connected experience beyond Wi-Fi.
Explore the future of life with WiMAX
Demo: Learn how WiMAX works
Connecting laptops of the future with WiMAX
By integrating Wi-Fi and WiMAX solutions into an affordable combo module (code named Echo Peak), Intel is providing revolutionary advancements in wireless mobile technology for the future of laptops, ultra-mobile PCs (UMPCs), and a wide range of consumer devices.
Intel WiMAX products for the mobile Internet
taken from
http://www.intel.com/technology/wimax/index.htm
Driving standards and global networks for WiMAX
Laying the foundation for broad, cost-effective deployments, Intel is working to easily integrate Intel WiMAX technology into complex designs and global networks, providing a standards-based foundation for ongoing product innovation.
Building the mobile Internet with WiMAX
Evolving WiMAX standards and interoperability
WiMAX: Connect in more places, more often
Built for the future, Intel WiMAX technology will allow you to connect in more places, more often, without being restricted to hotspots. When built into laptops and mobile devices, you'll be able to extend your connected experience beyond Wi-Fi.
Explore the future of life with WiMAX
Demo: Learn how WiMAX works
Connecting laptops of the future with WiMAX
By integrating Wi-Fi and WiMAX solutions into an affordable combo module (code named Echo Peak), Intel is providing revolutionary advancements in wireless mobile technology for the future of laptops, ultra-mobile PCs (UMPCs), and a wide range of consumer devices.
Intel WiMAX products for the mobile Internet
taken from
http://www.intel.com/technology/wimax/index.htm
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